Through techniques such as karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), it is possible to identify chromosomal abnormalities that may cause genetic syndromes, infertility, or certain types of cancer. These tests enable accurate and timely diagnosis, facilitating medical decision-making and the design of personalized treatments.

In diseases such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, or chronic myeloid leukemia, cytogenetics has been key to understanding their causes and improving clinical management. In addition, its application in fertility studies has helped many couples identify genetic problems that affect conception. Thanks to these advances, it not only enables the diagnosis of diseases but also contributes to prevention and the planning of more effective treatments to improve patients’ quality of life